The Age of Industrialisation
1.The person who got people from village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money in times of need was known as: [CBSE 2011]?
- Stapler
- Fuller
- Gomastha
- Jobber
ans: Jobber
2.Why did Manchester export to India decline after the First World War?
- People were busy fighting the war
- Factories closed down due to security problem
- Factories and mills were busy producing goods to fulfill the need of army
- Export trade was restricted by the government
ans: Factories closed down due to security problem
3.Why were workers in England hostile to machines and new technology?
- They did not know how to use these
- They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood
- The workers were too poor to buy new machines
- They were scared of machines
ans: They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood
4.Why were there frequent clashes between the gomastha and the weavers?
- The weavers hated foreigners
- The gomastha forced the weavers to sell goods at a dictated price
- Gomasthas were outsiders without long term social link with the village
- None of the above
ans:Gomasthas were outsiders without long term social link with the village
5. which of the following trade did the early entrepreneurs make a fortune?
- Textile trade
- China trade
- Trade in tea
- Industries
ans: China trade
6.Which of the following was a European managing agency?
- Tata Iron and Steel Company
- Andrew Yule
- Elgin Mill
- Birla industries
ans: Andrew Yule
7.Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?
- The cotton crop perished
- Raw cotton exports increased
- Local markets shrank
- Export market collapsed
ans: Raw cotton exports increased
8. In Victorian Britain the upper classes- aristocratic class and bourgeoisie preferred handmade goods because?
- they were made from imported material
- the handmade goods came to symbolize refinement and class
- they were better finished
- only upper class could afford the expensive items
ans: they were made from imported material
9. 19th century why did the British manufacturers print calendars for advertisements?
- Indian people were fond of using calendars in their houses
- Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write
- It was cheaper to advertise goods through calendars
- It used to add beauty to the room
ans: Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write
10. innovations helped the weavers in increasing productivity and compete with mill sector?
- Spining jenny
- Fly shuttle
- Cotton Gin
- Roller
ans: Fly shuttle
11. In the 17th century, merchants from towns in Europe moved to the countryside to?
- supply money to peasants and artisans to persuade them to produce for international markets
- persuade them to settle in towns
- provide them with small workshops
- stop them from working for other companies
ans: supply money to peasants and artisans to persuade them to produce for international markets
12.Name the first industrial country in the world?
- France
- Japan
- Britain
- Germany
ans: Japan
13. Why couldnt the merchants expand production within towns?
- The powerful guilds did not allow them to do so
- New merchants were not competent enough to carry on production work and trade
- New merchants had inadequate capital
- Competent weavers and artisans were not available in towns
ans: The powerful guilds did not allow them to do so
14. Where was the first cotton mill established?
- Bombay
- Ahmedabad
- Kanpur
- Madras
ans: Bombay
15. Who devised the Spinning Jenny?
- James Hargreaves
- James Watt
- Richard Arkwright
- Samuel Luke
ans: James Hargreaves
16.How did urban merchants acquire trade monopoly?
- The old merchants had won over the weavers and artisans
- The powerful members of the guilds had bribed the rulers
- The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right and trade of specific products
- The guilds were so powerful that they did not allow new merchants to enter into the field of trade
ans: The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right and trade of specific products
17. Indian industrial growth increased after First World War because?
- British opened new factories in India
- New technological changes occurred
- Indian mills now had a vast home market to supply to
- India became independent
ans: Indian mills now had a vast home market to supply to
18.Which of the following helped the production of handloom cloth?
- Imposition of export duties
- Technological changes
- Government regulations
- Import duties
ans: Government regulations
19. Why was it difficult to get a job in a factory in 19th century Britain?
- Employers were looking for only skilled workers and they rejected inexperienced applicants
- The number of jobs were less than the number of job seekers
- Employers did not prefer migrants
- Employers wanted educated workers
ans: The number of jobs were less than the number of job seekers
20. What made workers become hostile to the Spinning Jenny?
- Common people had not yet accepted machine-made products
- To some people machines appeared as monsters
- It had reduced the demand for labour
- Hand-made goods were still popular
ans: It had reduced the demand for labour
21. Which of the following is not a reason why industrialists in 19th century Europe preferred hand labour over machines?
- There was abundance of labour, so wages were low
- Hand labour produced uniform and standardised goods for a mass market
- Machines required huge capital investment
- Industries, where demand was seasonal, industrialists preferred hand labour
ans: Hand labour produced uniform and standardised goods for a mass market
22. After 1940s, building activity opened up greater opportunities of employment. What kind of work was introduced?
- Construction of big business houses
- Construction of mills and factories
- Construction of railway lines, railway stations and digging up of tunnels
- Construction of cinema halls for entertainment
ans: Construction of railway lines railway stations and digging up of tunnels
23. Coarser cotton was produced in many countries but finer varieties came from?
- Persia
- India
- China
- Surinam
ans: India
24. With the growth of colonial power, trade through the new ports of Bombay and Calcutta came to be controlled by?
- Indian merchants
- European companies
- The East India Company
- British Parliament
ans: European companies
25. Identify the incorrect option. Early entrepreneur of India?
- Dwarkanath Tagore of Bengal
- Seth Hukumchand of Calcutta
- Bhai Bhosle of Bombay
- Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee . Nusserwanjee-Parsis of Bombay
ans: Bhai Bhosle of Bombay
26. How did the mill owners organize the recruitment of workers? Choose the correct answer from the list given below?
- They were recruited through tests/ examinations
- Selection boards used to be set up
- Owners employed through jobbers (very often the jobber was an old trustworthy worker)
- Family members of the owners were recruited
ans: Owners employed through jobbers (very often the jobber was an old trustworthy worker
27. Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?
- Raw cotton exports increased
- The cotton crop perished
- Local markets shrank
- Export market collapsed
ans: Raw cotton exports increased
28. Name the most dynamic industry in Britain?
- Food processing
- Leather goods production
- Cotton and metal industries
- Electronic goods production
ans: Cotton and metal industries
29. How did the East India Company prevent the Indian weavers from dealing with other companies?
- Paid higher prices for their products
- Bought them off as slaves
- Offered them loans for their production
- Imposed extra tarrif to discourage them to deal with other foreigners
ans: Offered them loans for their production
30. Which war materials were produced in India to supply to Britain during World War I?
- Gunpowder, cannons and other ammunition
- Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots
- Medicines for the wounded soldiers
- Hammers, axes and other building material
ans: Jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots
31. Guilds were associations of ---------?
ans: traders
32. --------- was a mechanical device used for weaving?
ans: Fly shuttle
33. Manchester in England was well-known for ---------?
ans:textile production
34. The yam produced in Indian industries was exported to ---------?
ans:China
35. The expansion of railways boosted the growth of --------- and --------- industries?
ans:iron and steel
36. In Bengal, Dwarakanath Tagore made his fortune in China Trade. (True/False)?
ans:True
37. G.D. Birla was a Parsi entrepreneur who built huge industrial empire in India. (True/False)?
ans: False
38. Advertisements make the products appear desirable and necessary. (True/False)?
ans:True
39. When there is plenty of labour, wages are low. (True/False)?
ans:True
40. In European society, members of the royal family are referred as bourgeoisie. (True/False)?
ans:False
41. Match the columns?
Column A |
Column B |
Gomasthas |
(i) Seth Hukumchand |
Spinning Jenny |
(ii) Official who acted as company agent |
Steam engine |
(iii) Richard Arkwright |
Cotton mill
| (iv) James Hargreaves
First Indian jute mill |
James Watt |
ans:
42. What is proto-industrialisation?
ans:Proto-industrialisation refers to the early phase of industrialisation in Europe and England where production was mainly done by hands
43. Why the merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? [CBSE 2018]?
ans:To engage the peasants and artisans to produce goods for an international market
44. What were the factors that led to an increased demand for goods?
ans:Expansion of trade and acquisition of colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries led to an increasing demand for goods
45. What were trade guilds?
ans:Associations of traders and merchants that trained crafts people, maintained control over production and regulated prices
46. Who is a stapler?
ans:A stapler is a person who sorts wool according to its fibre
47. Define Fuller?
ans:A person who fulls or gathers a cloth by pleating is known as fuller
48. Which city was known as finishing centre?
ans:Explanation: London
49. What was the first symbol of the new era in England in the late 18th century?
ans:Cotton became the first symbol of the new era in England in the late 18th century
50. Define Carding?
ans:Carding is a process in which fibres, such as cotton or wool, are prepared before spinning
51. Who created the first cotton mill?
ans: Richard Arkwright
52. Which industries were the dynamic indus-tries of England during its earliest phase of industrialisation?
ans:Cotton and Iron and steel industries
53. Name any two non-mechanised sectors where ordinary and small innovations formed the basis of growth
ans:Food processing, building, pottery, glass work tanning, furniture making and production of implements. (any two)
54. Who improved upon the steam engine produced by Newcomen?
ans:James Watt
55. Who was regarded as the typical-worker in the mid-nineteenth century?
ans:A traditional craftsperson and labourer who did not operate machines
56. Why did industrialists in Victorian Britain not want to introduce machines?
ans:Machines reduced the requirement of human labour and inferred large capital investment
57. Name the areas that demanded seasonal labour in England?
ans: Gas works, breweries and dockyards
58. Why did the American industrialists favour the use of mechanical power for production in nineteenth century?
ans:Because countries like America had shortage of labour
59. Who invented the Spinning Jenny? [CBSE 2013]?
ans:James Hargreaves
60. Name the Indian goods that dominated the Indian market before the age of machine industries?
ans:Silk and cotton
60. Name the Indian goods that dominated the Indian market before the age of machine industries?
ans: Silk and cotton
61. Name an eminent pre-colonial port. [CBSE 2012]?
ans:Surat
62. To which ports did Surat on the Gujarat coast connect India?
ans:Surat connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports
63. Mention the reason for the decline of the preĀ¬colonial ports i.e. Surat and Masulipatnam by the 1750?
ans:The European companies became powerful by securing a variety of concessions from local courts and the monopoly rights to trade. Leading to the decline of the pre-colonial ports i.e. Surat and Masulipatnam
64. Name two new ports which grew in importance after the decline of Surat and Hooghly?
ans: Bombay and Calcutta
65. Why was East India Company keen on expanding textile exports from India?
ans:British cotton industries had not yet expanded and the Indian textiles were in great demand in Europe
66. What is the monopoly of trade?
ans:Monopoly of trade is the practice in which a country develops a system of management and control, eliminating competition, control costs, ensure regulated supply of products
67. Why did the East India Company appoint Gomasthas? [CBSE 2018(C)]?
ans:To supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth
68. Who was Henry Patullo? What did he say about the Indian textiles?
ans:Henry Patullo was an East India Company official. He said that demand for Indian textile could never reduce, because no country produced goods of the same quality
69. Why did Britain turn to India for cotton supplies by 1860s?
ans:Britain turned to India for cotton supplies by 1860s as American civil war cut off the cotton supplies from US
70. What was China trade?
ans:The British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England. Many Indians participated in this trade, provided finance, procuring supplies and shipping consignments. It- was called China trade
71. Who set up six joint stock companies in Bengal?
ans: Dwarkanath Tagore
72. How did fly shuttle increase handloom cloth production in the 20th century?
ans:It helped weavers to operate large looms and weave large pieces of cloth that increased the handloom production
73. What did the Indian and British manufacturers do to expand their market?
ans:They took the help of advertisement and tried to expand their market
74. Why did the Manchester industrialists begin to put label on the cloth bundles that were sent to India?
ans:The label made the company name familiar to the buyers and also acted as the mark of quality
75. Why were the images of gods and goddesses regularly appeared on the labels?
ans:The labels carrying images of gods and goddesses gave divine approval to the goods being sold so that they appear somewhat familiar to Indian people
76. What message did the Indian manufacturers try to give through advertisements?
ans:The Indian manufacturers tried to convey the message through advertisements that if you cared for the nation then buy Indian goods
77. Who are the bourgeoisie?
ans:The upper middle class in Europe is called the bourgeoisie
78. How did handloom cloth production increase in early 20th century?
ans:Handloom cloth production increased in the early 20th century due to new technology like looms with flying shuttle
79. How did the early Indian entrepreneurs make their fortune?
ans:The early entrepreneurs made their fortune through China trade
80. For which trade did the early entrepreneurs make a fortune?
ans: China trade